"use strict"; const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = { a: "a", annotation: "annotation", blockquote: "blockquote", h2: "h2", h3: "h3", hr: "hr", img: "img", li: "li", math: "math", mfrac: "mfrac", mi: "mi", mn: "mn", mo: "mo", mover: "mover", mrow: "mrow", mstyle: "mstyle", msub: "msub", msubsup: "msubsup", msup: "msup", mtable: "mtable", mtd: "mtd", mtext: "mtext", mtr: "mtr", munder: "munder", munderover: "munderover", p: "p", path: "path", semantics: "semantics", span: "span", strong: "strong", svg: "svg", ul: "ul", ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241208161848.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241208161848", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241208161848.png" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "线性和时不变性在系统分析中是最主要的，因为很多物理过程都具有这个性质，且可以对线性时不变系统进行详细的分析。以后对线性时不变系统简称LTI系统（Linear Time-Invariant Systems）。" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["研究信号与系统的一个基本方法是把连续时间信号或离散时间信号分解成一组基本信号。其中把信号表示成延时脉冲的线性组合为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "卷积" }), "，复指数信号的线性组合为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "傅里叶分析" }), "。本章主要围绕前者展开。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "离散时间lti系统卷积和", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#离散时间lti系统卷积和", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "离散时间LTI系统：卷积和"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "用脉冲表示离散时间信号", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#用脉冲表示离散时间信号", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "用脉冲表示离散时间信号"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["上一章我们提出了离散时间信号在", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "n=n_0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.4306em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.5806em", verticalAlign: "-0.15em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] })] })] })] }), "时的采样："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[n]\\delta[n-n_0]=x[n_0]\\delta[n-n_0]=x[n_0]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["对所有采样求和，我们得到的依旧是一个", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "的表达式："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle x[n]=\\sum_{k=-\\infty}^{+\\infty}x[k]\\delta[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1188em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.7583em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["这是因为只有对于", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "k=n" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6944em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.4306em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" })] })] })] }), "，单位脉冲", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta[n-k]=\\delta[0]=1" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" })] })] })] }), "，其余情况下", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta[n-k]=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "，这被称为离散时间单位脉冲序列的", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "筛选性质" }), "。我们可以将其解释为把任意一个序列表示成一串移位的单位脉冲序列", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }), "的线性组合，加权因子就是", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[k]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "离散时间lti的单位脉冲响应及卷积和表示", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#离散时间lti的单位脉冲响应及卷积和表示", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "离散时间LTI的单位脉冲响应及卷积和表示"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["现考虑一LTI系统，其对单位脉冲序列", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "的响应为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h_0[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "，而对移位后的单位脉冲序列", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }), "的响应记为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h_k[n]=h_0[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }), "，因为系统是时不变的，所以对移位信号的响应也是原信号响应的单纯移位。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["又根据线性系统的叠加性质，前面我们将", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "表示为了移位单位脉冲", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }), "的加权线性组合，那么该系统对", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "的响应也是", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h_k[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "的加权线性组合，且加权因子仍为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "，则输出", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "可以表示为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y[n]=\\sum_{k=-\\infty}^{+\\infty}x[k]h_k[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1188em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.7583em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["为了简化符号，我们将", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h_k[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "的下标符号除掉，从而定义系统", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "单位脉冲序列响应" }), "为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h[n]=h_0[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["那么输出", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "的表达式改写为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y[n]=\\sum_{k=-\\infty}^{+\\infty}x[k]h[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1188em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.7583em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["这个结果称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "卷积和" }), "或", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "叠加和" }), "，并且上式等号右侧的运算称为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "和", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "的卷积，用符号记为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]=x[n]*h[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/0c8c5954ddc1155f4e29ce661bd7cdb2.png", alt: "0c8c5954ddc1155f4e29ce661bd7cdb2", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/0c8c5954ddc1155f4e29ce661bd7cdb2.png" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "连续时间lti系统卷积积分", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#连续时间lti系统卷积积分", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "连续时间LTI系统：卷积积分"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "用冲激表示连续时间信号", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#用冲激表示连续时间信号", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "用冲激表示连续时间信号"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "与离散时间情况一样，我们建立连续时间情况下的筛选性质。" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["定义", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的近似："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { fence: "true", children: "{" }), _jsxs(_components.mtable, { rowspacing: "0.36em", columnalign: "left left", columnspacing: "1em", children: [_jsx(_components.mtr, { children: _jsx(_components.mtd, { children: _jsx(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "false", children: _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { separator: "true", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⩽" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.mtr, { children: _jsx(_components.mtd, { children: _jsx(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "false", children: _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { separator: "true", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.mtext, { children: "其他" })] }) }) }) })] })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\delta_\\Delta(t)=\\begin{cases}\\frac1\\Delta,0\\leqslant t<\\Delta\\\\0,其他\\end{cases}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3em", verticalAlign: "-1.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen delimcenter", style: { top: "0em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing size4", children: "{" }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mtable", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "col-align-l", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.69em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.69em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.008em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8451em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.655em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.394em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.345em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mpunct", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel amsrm", children: "⩽" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.25em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.008em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mpunct", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord cjk_fallback", children: "其他" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.19em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["则", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的近似："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\hat x(t)=\\sum_{k=-\\infty}^{+\\infty}x(k\\Delta)\\delta_\\Delta(t-k\\Delta)\\Delta" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6944em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.2222em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1188em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.7583em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["当", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\Delta\\rightarrow0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "时，", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\hat x(t)\\rightarrow x(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6944em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.2222em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), "，同时得到积分的定义："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munder, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "lim" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⁡" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle x(t)=\\lim_\\Delta\\rightarrow0\\sum^{+\\infty}_{k=-\\infty}x(k\\Delta)\\hat \\delta_\\Delta(t-k\\Delta)\\Delta=\\int^{+\\infty}_{-\\infty}x(\\tau)\\delta(t-\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.4388em", verticalAlign: "-0.7443em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6944em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.3557em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: "lim" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7443em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1188em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.7583em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9579em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.2634em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.1944em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.4915em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5212em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["此为连续时间冲激函数的", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "筛选性质" }), "。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "连续时间lti系统的单位冲激响应及卷积积分表示", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#连续时间lti系统的单位冲激响应及卷积积分表示", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "连续时间LTI系统的单位冲激响应及卷积积分表示"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["和离散时间情况一样，上一节我们将任意一个连续时间信号表示成加权和移位脉冲的叠加，那么令", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\hat h_{k\\Delta}(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.2079em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9579em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.2634em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.25em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "为一个线性时不变系统对输入", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta_\\Delta(t-k\\Delta)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), "的响应，根据叠加性质就有："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\hat y(t)=\\sum^{+\\infty}_{k=-\\infty}x(k\\Delta)\\hat h_{k\\Delta}(t)\\Delta" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6944em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.1944em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1944em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1188em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.7583em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9579em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.2634em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.25em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["当", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\Delta\\rightarrow0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "时，", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\hat y(t)\\rightarrow y(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6944em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.1944em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1944em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), "，同时得到积分的定义："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munder, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "lim" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⁡" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t)=\\lim_\\Delta\\rightarrow0\\sum^{+\\infty}_{k=-\\infty}x(k\\Delta)\\hat h_{k\\Delta}(t-k\\Delta)\\Delta=\\int^{+\\infty}_{-\\infty}x(\\tau)h(t-\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.4388em", verticalAlign: "-0.7443em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6944em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.3557em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: "lim" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7443em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1188em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.7583em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9579em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.2634em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.25em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.4915em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5212em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["上式称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "卷积积分" }), "或", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "叠加积分" }), "，相应地，", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "和", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的卷积记为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y(t)=x(t)*h(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "lti系统的性质", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#lti系统的性质", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "LTI系统的性质"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "由LTI系统具有卷积和与卷积积分的表示形式入手可以得到一些其他系统不具备的性质。" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "交换律性质", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#交换律性质", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "交换律性质"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["离散时间情况：", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle x[n]*h[n]=h[n]*x[n]=\\sum^{+\\infty}_{k=-\\infty}h[k]x[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1188em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.7583em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["连续时间情况：", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle x(t)*h(t)=h(t)*x(t)=\\int^{+\\infty}_{-\\infty}h(\\tau)x(t-\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.4915em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5212em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["令", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "r=n-k" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.4306em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6667em", verticalAlign: "-0.0833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6944em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" })] })] })] }), "即可证明离散时间情况下卷积和的交换律，连续时间情况同理。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "分配律性质", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#分配律性质", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "分配律性质"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["离散时间情况：", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[n]*(h_1[n]+h_2[n])=x[n]*h_1[n]+x[n]*h_2[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "])" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["连续时间情况：", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)*[h_1(t)+h_2(t)]=x(t)*h_1(t)+x(t)*h_2(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "可用系统并联来表示，下图两个系统是等效的：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/548de174e8a4eb68a0fa60bb70e6bb1c.png", alt: "548de174e8a4eb68a0fa60bb70e6bb1c", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/548de174e8a4eb68a0fa60bb70e6bb1c.png" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "结合律性质", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#结合律性质", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "结合律性质"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["离散时间情况：", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x[n]*(h_1[n]*h_2[n])=(x[n]*h_1[n])*h_2[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "])" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "])" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["连续时间情况：", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)*[h_1(t)*h_2(t)]=[x(t)*h_1(t)]*h_2(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "可用系统级联来表示，同时利用交换律，下图四个系统是等效的：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241205224142.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241205224142", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241205224142.png" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "有记忆和无记忆lti系统", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#有记忆和无记忆lti系统", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "有记忆和无记忆LTI系统"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "上一章指出，若一个系统在任何时刻的输入只和同一时刻的输入有关，它就是无记忆的。对于一个离散时间LTI系统，这就说明其单位冲激响应也是同一时刻的冲激：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h[n]=K\\delta[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["其中", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "K=h[0]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }), "为常数。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "则其卷积和：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]=Kx[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "相应地，在连续时间情况下有：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h(t)=K\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y(t)=Kx(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "lti系统的可逆性", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#lti系统的可逆性", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "LTI系统的可逆性"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["在离散时间情况下，对于一可逆的LTI系统，其冲激响应为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "，逆系统冲激响应", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h_1[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "，原系统与逆系统级联的效果与恒等系统（冲激响应为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "）一样，则有："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h[n]*h_1[n]=\\delta[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["同理在连续时间情况下一个冲激响应为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的LTI系统的逆系统的冲激响应", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h_1(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "满足："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h(t)*h_1(t)=\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "lti系统的因果性", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#lti系统的因果性", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "LTI系统的因果性"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["一个因果系统的输出只取决于现在和过去的输入值，这意味着因果LTI系统的卷积和或卷积积分的上限只需取到当前时刻而不是", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "+\\infty" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6667em", verticalAlign: "-0.0833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), "："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y[n]=\\sum^n_{k=-\\infty}x[k]h[h-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.0118em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.6514em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "n" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t)=\\int^t_{-\\infty}x(\\tau)h(t-\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.5137em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5435em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["一个线性系统的因果性就是", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "初始松弛" }), "条件，即如果该系统的输入在某个时刻点以前是零，则其输出在那个时刻以前也必须是零："] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["离散时间情况下，若", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "<" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" })] }) }) }) })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u[n-k]=\\begin{cases}1,k\\leqslant n\\\\0,k>n\\end{cases}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3em", verticalAlign: "-1.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen delimcenter", style: { top: "0em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing size4", children: "{" }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mtable", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "col-align-l", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.69em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.69em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.008em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mpunct", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel amsrm", children: "⩽" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.25em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.008em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mpunct", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: ">" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.19em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] })] })] })] }), "，所以卷积和上限可取", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "n" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.4306em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" })] }) })] }), "："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle s[n]=\\sum^n_{k=-\\infty}h[k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.0118em", verticalAlign: "-1.3604em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.6514em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "n" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3604em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h[n]=s[n]-s[n-1]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "由此一个离散时间LTI系统的单位阶跃响应是单位脉冲响应的求和函数，反过来单位脉冲响应是单位阶跃响应的一次差分。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "同理在连续时间情况下有：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle s(t)=\\int^t_{-\\infty}h(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.5137em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5435em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { mathvariant: "normal", lspace: "0em", rspace: "0em", children: "′" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle h(t)=\\frac{\\mathrm ds(t)}{\\mathrm dt}=s'(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.113em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.427em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.0519em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8019em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.113em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "′" }) }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "用微分方程和差分方程描述的因果lti系统", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#用微分方程和差分方程描述的因果lti系统", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "用微分方程和差分方程描述的因果LTI系统"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["一类重要的连续时间系统是其输入-输出关系用", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "线性常系数微分方程" }), "描述的系统，该形式方程可以描述广泛的系统和物理现象；一类重要的离散时间系统是其输入-输出关系用", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "线性常系数差分方程" }), "描述的系统，该形式方程可以描述许多不同过程的序列行为。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "线性常系数微分方程", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#线性常系数微分方程", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "线性常系数微分方程"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.blockquote, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "考虑一个一阶微分方程：" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\frac{\\mathrm dy(t)}{\\mathrm dt}+2y(t)=x(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.113em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.427em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), "①"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "假设输入信号为：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)=Ke^{3t}u(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.0641em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8141em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["其中", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "K" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" })] }) })] }), "为某一实数。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["该式的完全解由一个", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "特解" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "p" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y_p(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.0361em", verticalAlign: "-0.2861em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1514em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "p" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2861em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "和一个", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "齐次解" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y_h(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "h" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "组成："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "p" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y(t)=y_p(t)+y_h(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.0361em", verticalAlign: "-0.2861em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1514em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "p" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2861em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "h" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["其中特解是用微分方程表示系统时非零输入对应的解，又称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "受迫响应" }), "；齐次解是用微分方程表示系统时零输入对应的解，又称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "自然响应" }), "。即特解满足式①，而齐次解是以下齐次微分方程的一个解："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\frac{\\mathrm dy(t)}{\\mathrm dt}+2y(t)=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.113em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.427em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["对于该指数输入信号，当", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: ">" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "t>0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6542em", verticalAlign: "-0.0391em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: ">" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "时，特解的形式为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "p" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "Y" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y_p(t)=Ye^{3t}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.0361em", verticalAlign: "-0.2861em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1514em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "p" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2861em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.8141em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" }, children: "Y" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8141em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] })] }), "，齐次解的形式为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "A" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y_h(t)=Ae^{st}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "h" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.7936em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "A" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7936em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "将特解代入方程：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "Y" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "Y" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "3Ye^{3t}+2Ye^{3t}=Ke^{3t}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.8974em", verticalAlign: "-0.0833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" }, children: "Y" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8141em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.8141em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" }, children: "Y" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8141em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.8141em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8141em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["解得", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "Y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "5" })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle Y=\\frac K5" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" }, children: "Y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.0463em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3603em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "5" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] })] })] })] }), "，", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "p" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "5" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y_p(t)=\\frac K5e^{3t}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.0361em", verticalAlign: "-0.2861em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1514em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "p" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2861em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.0463em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3603em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "5" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8641em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.113em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "将齐次解代入方程：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "A" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "A" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "Ase^{st}+2Ae^{st}=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.8769em", verticalAlign: "-0.0833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "A" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "s" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7936em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.7936em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "A" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7936em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["解得", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "s=-2" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.4306em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "s" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.7278em", verticalAlign: "-0.0833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "2" })] })] })] }), "，", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "A" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y_h(t)=Ae^{-2t}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "h" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.8141em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "A" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8141em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "原微分方程式的解为：" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "A" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "5" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t)=Ae^{-2t}+\\frac K5e^{3t}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.9474em", verticalAlign: "-0.0833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "A" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8641em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.113em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.0463em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3603em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "5" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8641em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.113em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] })] }), "，", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: ">" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "t>0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6542em", verticalAlign: "-0.0391em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: ">" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["为了确定", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "A" }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "A" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "A" })] }) })] }), "的值，还需要一个附加条件。本课绝大部分关注用微分方程和差分方程描述因果线性时不变系统，因此取初始松弛条件，在这里即代入", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y(0)=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "A" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "5" })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle0=A+\\frac K5" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.7667em", verticalAlign: "-0.0833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "A" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.0463em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3603em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "5" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "A" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "5" })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle A=-\\frac K5" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "A" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.0463em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3603em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "5" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "据此利用单位阶跃函数将零之前和零之后的情况结合起来可得完全解为：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "5" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t)=\\frac K5[e^{3t}-e^{-2t}]u(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.0463em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3603em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "5" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0715em" }, children: "K" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8641em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.113em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.1141em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "e" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8641em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.113em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "根据以上过程，我们总结关于线性常系数微分方程及其表示的系统的一些要点：" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["对某个输入", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的响应一般都是由一个特解和一个齐次解组成的。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "为了完全确定由微分方程式所描述的系统输入和输出之间的关系，就必须给出附加条件，对于线性因果系统即初始松弛条件。初始松弛条件中零初始条件的时刻即是输入信号变成非零前一刻的时刻，以使在输入变成非零之前，响应一直为零。" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["相同的概念可以推广到由高阶微分方程描述的系统中，考虑", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "N" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" })] }) })] }), "阶线性常系数微分方程："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "M" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] })] })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\sum^N_{k=0}a_k\\frac{\\mathrm d^ky(t)}{\\mathrm dt^k}=\\sum^M_{k=0}b_k\\frac{\\mathrm d^kx(t)}{\\mathrm dt^k}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1304em", verticalAlign: "-1.3021em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5261em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7751em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.989em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8491em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1304em", verticalAlign: "-1.3021em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "M" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5261em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7751em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.989em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8491em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["则", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的解由上式的一个特解和如下齐次微分方程的齐次解组成："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\sum^N_{k=0}a_k\\frac{\\mathrm d^ky(t)}{\\mathrm dt^k}=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1304em", verticalAlign: "-1.3021em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5261em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7751em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.989em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8491em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["如果", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⩽" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "t\\leqslant t_0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.7733em", verticalAlign: "-0.1367em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel amsrm", children: "⩽" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.7651em", verticalAlign: "-0.15em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] })] })] })] }), "时", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "，对", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: ">" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "t>t_0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6542em", verticalAlign: "-0.0391em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: ">" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.7651em", verticalAlign: "-0.15em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] })] })] })] }), "的初始松弛条件为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⋯" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t_0)=\\frac{\\mathrm dy(t_0)}{\\mathrm dt}=\\cdots=\\frac{\\mathrm d^{N-1}y(t_0)}{\\mathrm dt^{N-1}}=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.113em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.427em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.3669em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: "⋯" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.2043em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5183em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7673em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.989em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8413em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "线性常系数差分方程", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#线性常系数差分方程", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "线性常系数差分方程"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["相应地，在离散时间情况下，考虑", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "N" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" })] }) })] }), "阶线性常系数差分方程："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "M" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\sum^N_{k=0}a_ky[n-k]=\\sum^M_{k=0}b_kx[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1304em", verticalAlign: "-1.3021em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1304em", verticalAlign: "-1.3021em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "M" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["按照微分方程的类似解法求解，", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "的解由上式的一个特解和如下齐次方程的齐次解组成："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\sum^N_{k=0}a_ky[n-k]=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1304em", verticalAlign: "-1.3021em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "但与微分方程不同的是，离散时间情况提供了另一种途径，即直接将差分方程写成：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { fence: "true", children: "{" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "M" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { fence: "true", children: "}" })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y[n]=\\frac1{a_0}\\left\\{\\sum^M_{k=0}b_kx[n-k]-\\sum^N_{k=1}a_ky[n-k]\\right\\}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1304em", verticalAlign: "-1.3021em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3214em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.836em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen delimcenter", style: { top: "0em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing size4", children: "{" }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "M" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose delimcenter", style: { top: "0em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing size4", children: "}" }) })] })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["只要知道关于", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { separator: "true", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⋯" }), _jsx(_components.mtext, { children: " " }), _jsx(_components.mo, { separator: "true", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n-1],\\cdots,y[n-N]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mpunct", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: "⋯" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mpunct", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }), "的附加条件，就能根据上式求出", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "，这样形式的方程称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "递归方程" }), "。而当", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "N=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "时："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.munderover, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "M" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { fence: "true", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { fence: "true", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y[n]=\\sum^M_{k=0}\\left(\\frac{b_k}{a_0}\\right)x[n-k]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.1304em", verticalAlign: "-1.3021em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8283em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.8479em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel mtight", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", children: "∑" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.05em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "M" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3021em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen delimcenter", style: { top: "0em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing size3", children: "(" }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3714em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.836em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose delimcenter", style: { top: "0em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing size3", children: ")" }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["上式没有利用之前的输出值来计算当前的输出值，称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "非递归方程" }), "，无需给出附加条件来确定", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] }) })] }), "，可以直接计算出其单位脉冲响应为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { fence: "true", children: "{" }), _jsxs(_components.mtable, { rowspacing: "0.36em", columnalign: "left left", columnspacing: "1em", children: [_jsx(_components.mtr, { children: _jsx(_components.mtd, { children: _jsx(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "false", children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { separator: "true", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.mtext, { children: " " }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⩽" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⩽" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "M" })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.mtr, { children: _jsx(_components.mtd, { children: _jsx(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "false", children: _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { separator: "true", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.mtext, { children: " 其他" })] }) }) }) })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "h[n]=\\begin{cases}\\displaystyle\\frac{b_n}{a_0},~0\\leqslant n\\leqslant M\\\\0,~其他\\end{cases}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "h" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "3.6474em", verticalAlign: "-1.5737em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing mult", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "2.05em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.5em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.15em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizinginner delim-size4", children: _jsx(_components.span, { children: "⎩" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.492em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.15em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { height: "0.016em", width: "0.8889em" }, children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", width: "0.8889em", height: "0.016em", style: { width: "0.8889em" }, viewBox: "0 0 888.89 16", preserveAspectRatio: "xMinYMin", children: _jsx(_components.path, { d: "M384 0 H504 V16 H384z M384 0 H504 V16 H384z" }) }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.15em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.15em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizinginner delim-size4", children: _jsx(_components.span, { children: "⎨" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.292em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.15em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { height: "0.016em", width: "0.8889em" }, children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", width: "0.8889em", height: "0.016em", style: { width: "0.8889em" }, viewBox: "0 0 888.89 16", preserveAspectRatio: "xMinYMin", children: _jsx(_components.path, { d: "M384 0 H504 V16 H384z M384 0 H504 V16 H384z" }) }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.15em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizinginner delim-size4", children: _jsx(_components.span, { children: "⎧" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.55em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mtable", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "col-align-l", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "2.0737em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-4.0737em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.3714em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3714em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1514em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "n" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.836em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mpunct", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace nobreak", children: " " }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel amsrm", children: "⩽" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel amsrm", children: "⩽" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "M" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.2297em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3.3714em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mpunct", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace nobreak", children: " " }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord cjk_fallback", children: "其他" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5737em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["该系统的单位脉冲响应是有限长的，这类系统被称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "有限脉冲响应" }), "（finite impulse response，FIR）系统。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "用微分方程和差分方程描述的一阶系统的方框图表示", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#用微分方程和差分方程描述的一阶系统的方框图表示", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "用微分方程和差分方程描述的一阶系统的方框图表示"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "由线性常系数差分方程和微分方程描述的系统的一个重要特点是能够以很简单而且很自然的方式用若干基本运算的方框图互联来表示。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "由离散时间情况入手，考虑一阶差分方程：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]+ay[n-1]=bx[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "上式的求值涉及三种基本运算：相加、系数相乘和单位延迟，分别用来定义以下三种基本网络单元：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241208143614.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241208143614", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241208143614.png" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "为了便于用这些基本单元来表示，我们将上式重写为递归的形式：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "y[n]=-ay[n-1]+bx[n]" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: "]" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "其方框图为：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/5712013d663db4620a2a9816e4dcfd49.png", alt: "5712013d663db4620a2a9816e4dcfd49", className: "internal", "data-fs-width": "300", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/5712013d663db4620a2a9816e4dcfd49.png" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "接下来考虑由一阶微分方程描述的因果连续时间系统：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\frac{\\mathrm dy(t)}{\\mathrm dt}+ay(t)=bx(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.113em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.427em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "并改写为：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t)=-\\frac1a\\frac{\\mathrm dy(t)}{\\mathrm dt}+\\frac bax(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.113em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3214em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.427em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.0574em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.3714em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "该方程涉及三种基本运算：相加、系数相乘和微分，分别用来定义以下三种基本网络单元：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241208144135.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241208144135", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241208144135.png" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "则其方框图为：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241208144211.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241208144211", className: "internal", "data-fs-width": "350", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241208144211.png" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "由于微分器难以实现且对误差和噪声极为灵敏，因此更广泛的应用是其积分形式：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t)=\\int^t_{-\\infty}[bx(\\tau)-ay(\\tau)]\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.5137em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5435em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "b" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "积分器和该方程的方框图如下图所示：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241208144424.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241208144424", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241208144424.png" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "奇异函数", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#奇异函数", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "奇异函数"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "奇异函数" }), "是一类函数本身或其导数或积分有不连续点的一类函数，许多理想化信号都是奇异函数，并借助与其它信号的卷积来定义。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "作为理想化短脉冲的单位冲激", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#作为理想化短脉冲的单位冲激", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "作为理想化短脉冲的单位冲激"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["单位冲激", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "是恒等系统的单位冲激响应："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)=x(t)*\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["如果取", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)=\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), "，就有："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)=\\delta(t)*\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["这是单位冲激的一个基本性质。如果从近似的视角来看，将", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "看成一个矩形脉冲", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta_\\Delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的极限形式，并设："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "r_\\Delta(t)=\\delta_\\Delta(t)*\\delta_\\Delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0278em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["则可知", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "r_\\Delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0278em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "是一个三角脉冲，且其", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\Delta\\rightarrow0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "的极限形式也为单位冲激："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241208145507.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241208145507", className: "internal", "data-fs-width": "375", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241208145507.png" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["同理可证", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "r_\\Delta(t)*r_\\Delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0278em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0278em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), "、", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "r_\\Delta(t)*\\delta_\\Delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "r" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0278em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), "等在", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\Delta\\rightarrow0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "→" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "的极限都是单位冲激，尽管它们在", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\Delta" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" })] }) })] }), "较大的情况下明显不同，但", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\Delta" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" })] }) })] }), "足够小时本质都一样。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "通过卷积定义单位冲激", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#通过卷积定义单位冲激", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "通过卷积定义单位冲激"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["上一节得出，有无限多看起来不同的信号的极限形式作用于一个LTI系统时期其表现都像是冲激，因此我们借助一个LTI系统对信号的响应来定义单位冲激，即定义", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "为一个信号，其对任何", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "有："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)=x(t)*\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["该定义方法为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "运算定义" }), "。由此，我们不难得到单位冲激的其他性质："] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\int^{+\\infty}_{-\\infty}\\delta(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau=1" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.4915em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5212em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle f(0)=\\int^{+\\infty}_{-\\infty}f(\\tau)\\delta(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1076em" }, children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.4915em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5212em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1076em" }, children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "f(t)\\delta(t)=f(0)\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1076em" }, children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1076em" }, children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "单位冲激偶和其他奇异函数", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#单位冲激偶和其他奇异函数", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "单位冲激偶和其他奇异函数"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "考虑输出是输入的导数的LTI系统：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t)=\\frac{\\mathrm dx(t)}{\\mathrm dt}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.113em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.427em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["其单位冲激响应是单位冲激的导数，称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "单位冲激偶" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u_1(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "，对任何信号", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "x(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "应有："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\frac{\\mathrm dx(t)}{\\mathrm dt}=x(t)*u_1(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.113em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.427em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["上式为", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u_1(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的运算定义。同理", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的二阶导数", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u_2(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的运算定义为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\frac{\\mathrm d^2x(t)}{\\mathrm dt^2}=x(t)*u_2(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.1771em", verticalAlign: "-0.686em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.4911em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.7401em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.989em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8141em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.686em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["并且对", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u_1(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "求导有："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u_2(t)=u_1(t)*u_1(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["故一个对输入求", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "k" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6944em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" })] }) })] }), "次导数系统的单位冲激响应为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: _jsxs(_components.munder, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: _jsxs(_components.munder, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⋯" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "true", children: "⏟" })] }) }), _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mtext, { children: "次" })] })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u_k(t)=\\underset{\\displaystyle k次}{\\underbrace{u_1(t)*u_1(t)*\\cdots*u_1(t)}}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.6084em", verticalAlign: "-1.8584em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.75em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.2416em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal sizing reset-size3 size6", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord cjk_fallback sizing reset-size3 size6", children: "次" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "minner munder", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.75em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "svg-align", style: { top: "-2.102em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "stretchy", style: { height: "0.548em", minWidth: "1.6em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "brace-left", style: { height: "0.548em" }, children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", width: "400em", height: "0.548em", viewBox: "0 0 400000 548", preserveAspectRatio: "xMinYMin slice", children: _jsx(_components.path, { d: "M0 6l6-6h17c12.688 0 19.313.3 20 1 4 4 7.313 8.3 10 13\n 35.313 51.3 80.813 93.8 136.5 127.5 55.688 33.7 117.188 55.8 184.5 66.5.688\n 0 2 .3 4 1 18.688 2.7 76 4.3 172 5h399450v120H429l-6-1c-124.688-8-235-61.7\n-331-161C60.687 138.7 32.312 99.3 7 54L0 41V6z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "brace-center", style: { height: "0.548em" }, children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", width: "400em", height: "0.548em", viewBox: "0 0 400000 548", preserveAspectRatio: "xMidYMin slice", children: _jsx(_components.path, { d: "M199572 214\nc100.7 8.3 195.3 44 280 108 55.3 42 101.7 93 139 153l9 14c2.7-4 5.7-8.7 9-14\n 53.3-86.7 123.7-153 211-199 66.7-36 137.3-56.3 212-62h199568v120H200432c-178.3\n 11.7-311.7 78.3-403 201-6 8-9.7 12-11 12-.7.7-6.7 1-18 1s-17.3-.3-18-1c-1.3 0\n-5-4-11-12-44.7-59.3-101.3-106.3-170-141s-145.3-54.3-229-60H0V214z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "brace-right", style: { height: "0.548em" }, children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", width: "400em", height: "0.548em", viewBox: "0 0 400000 548", preserveAspectRatio: "xMaxYMin slice", children: _jsx(_components.path, { d: "M399994 0l6 6v35l-6 11c-56 104-135.3 181.3-238 232-57.3\n 28.7-117 45-179 50H-300V214h399897c43.3-7 81-15 113-26 100.7-33 179.7-91 237\n-174 2.7-5 6-9 10-13 .7-1 7.3-1 20-1h17z" }) }) })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: "⋯" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.898em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8584em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "根据运算定义，我们也能给出这些奇异函数的性质，以单位冲激偶为例：" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle\\int^{+\\infty}_{-\\infty}u_1(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.4915em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5212em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] }) })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { mathvariant: "normal", lspace: "0em", rspace: "0em", children: "′" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle-f'(0)=\\int^{+\\infty}_{\\infty}f(\\tau)u_1(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.0519em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1076em" }, children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8019em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.113em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "′" }) }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.4332em", verticalAlign: "-0.9119em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5212em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" }) }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9119em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1076em" }, children: "f" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["和单位冲激一样，这些奇异函数中的每一个都可以与一个短脉冲相联系。例如矩形脉冲", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta_\\Delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0379em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "Δ" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的导数是一个", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "t=0" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6151em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6444em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "0" })] })] })] }), "处向上的单位冲激和", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "Δ" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "t=\\Delta" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6151em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.6833em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "Δ" })] })] })] }), "处向下的单位冲激，其极限形式即为单位冲激偶。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241208152456.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241208152456", className: "internal", "data-fs-width": "325", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241208152456.png" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "再考虑一个积分器系统：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle y(t)=\\int^t_{-\\infty}x(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.5137em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5435em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "其单位冲激响应为单位阶跃：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle u(t)=\\int^t_{-\\infty}\\delta(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.5137em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5435em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "于是单位阶跃的运算定义为：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle x(t)*u(t)=\\int^t_{-\\infty}x(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.5137em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5435em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "同理，对于两个积分器级联组成的系统的单位冲激响应：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle u_{-2}(t)=u(t)*u(t)=\\int^t_{-\\infty}u(\\tau)\\mathrm d\\tau=u_{-2}(t)=tu(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2083em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.5137em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5435em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2083em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["该信号称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "单位斜坡函数" }), "，其图像为："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://obsidian2flowershow-inkem.flowershow.me/I-%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6/Pasted%20image%2020241208153152.png", alt: "Pasted image 20241208153152", className: "internal", "data-fs-width": "350", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/I-附件/Pasted image 20241208153152.png" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "其运算定义为：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsx(_components.mrow, { children: _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { fence: "true", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∫" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "∞" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "σ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "σ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { fence: "true", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { mathvariant: "normal", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "τ" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\displaystyle x(t)*u_{-2}(t)=\\int^t_{-\\infty}\\left(\\int^\\tau_{-\\infty}x(\\sigma)\\mathrm d\\sigma\\right)\\mathrm d\\tau" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "2" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2083em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.5137em", verticalAlign: "-0.9703em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5435em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "t" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen delimcenter", style: { top: "0em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing size3", children: "(" }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-symbol large-op", style: { marginRight: "0.4445em", position: "relative", top: "-0.0011em" }, children: "∫" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.4143em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.7881em", marginLeft: "-0.4445em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "∞" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.8129em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.9703em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "σ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "σ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose delimcenter", style: { top: "0em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "delimsizing size3", children: ")" }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathrm", children: "d" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.1132em" }, children: "τ" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["同理可将", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "的高阶积分定义为多个积分器级联的单位冲激响应："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: _jsxs(_components.munder, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: _jsxs(_components.munder, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⋯" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "true", children: "⏟" })] }) }), _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mtext, { children: "次" })] })] }) }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "!" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u_{-k}(t)=\\underset{\\displaystyle k次}{\\underbrace{u_1(t)*u_1(t)*\\cdots*u_1(t)}}=\\displaystyle\\frac{t^{k-1}}{(k-1)!}u(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2083em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.6084em", verticalAlign: "-1.8584em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop op-limits", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.75em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-1.2416em", marginLeft: "0em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal sizing reset-size3 size6", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord cjk_fallback sizing reset-size3 size6", children: "次" })] }) })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "minner munder", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.75em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "svg-align", style: { top: "-2.102em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "stretchy", style: { height: "0.548em", minWidth: "1.6em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "brace-left", style: { height: "0.548em" }, children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", width: "400em", height: "0.548em", viewBox: "0 0 400000 548", preserveAspectRatio: "xMinYMin slice", children: _jsx(_components.path, { d: "M0 6l6-6h17c12.688 0 19.313.3 20 1 4 4 7.313 8.3 10 13\n 35.313 51.3 80.813 93.8 136.5 127.5 55.688 33.7 117.188 55.8 184.5 66.5.688\n 0 2 .3 4 1 18.688 2.7 76 4.3 172 5h399450v120H429l-6-1c-124.688-8-235-61.7\n-331-161C60.687 138.7 32.312 99.3 7 54L0 41V6z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "brace-center", style: { height: "0.548em" }, children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", width: "400em", height: "0.548em", viewBox: "0 0 400000 548", preserveAspectRatio: "xMidYMin slice", children: _jsx(_components.path, { d: "M199572 214\nc100.7 8.3 195.3 44 280 108 55.3 42 101.7 93 139 153l9 14c2.7-4 5.7-8.7 9-14\n 53.3-86.7 123.7-153 211-199 66.7-36 137.3-56.3 212-62h199568v120H200432c-178.3\n 11.7-311.7 78.3-403 201-6 8-9.7 12-11 12-.7.7-6.7 1-18 1s-17.3-.3-18-1c-1.3 0\n-5-4-11-12-44.7-59.3-101.3-106.3-170-141s-145.3-54.3-229-60H0V214z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "brace-right", style: { height: "0.548em" }, children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", width: "400em", height: "0.548em", viewBox: "0 0 400000 548", preserveAspectRatio: "xMaxYMin slice", children: _jsx(_components.path, { d: "M399994 0l6 6v35l-6 11c-56 104-135.3 181.3-238 232-57.3\n 28.7-117 45-179 50H-300V214h399897c43.3-7 81-15 113-26 100.7-33 179.7-91 237\n-174 2.7-5 6-9 10-13 .7-1 7.3-1 20-1h17z" }) }) })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "minner", children: "⋯" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.898em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.8584em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.4621em", verticalAlign: "-0.936em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.5261em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.314em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")!" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.23em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "frac-line", style: { borderBottomWidth: "0.04em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.677em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8491em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" })] }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.936em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose nulldelimiter" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["将", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "与", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] }), "用更统一的符号表示："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\delta(t)=u_0(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0379em" }, children: "δ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "0" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u(t)=u_{-1}(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3011em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: "1" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2083em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "则将积分和导数的情况结合得到更一般的关系：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∗" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "r" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "u" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "r" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "u_k(t)*u_r(t)=u_{k+r}(t)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "∗" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1514em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "r" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "u" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3361em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin mtight", children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "r" })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.2083em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "t" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "本章完" }) })] }); } function MDXContent(props = {}) { const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = { ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, { ...props, children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, { ...props }) }) : _createMdxContent(props); } return { default: MDXContent };

Links to this page: